Saturday, December 28, 2019

Jamaican History Essay - 1309 Words

Jamaica: History, Government, People, Religion Jamaica is a tropical island, located in the heart of the Caribbean Sea. Around the coastlines are beautiful beaches with crystal clear blue-green water. In some respects, this is the majority of what people know about Jamaica. In this orientation text you will better understand Jamaicas history, the people who live there, the many different religions, geography, and governments that have ruled the land. The land of Jamaica is very small. The total land mass area of the island is 4,243 square miles. Stretching 146 miles from east to west and at its furthest points north to south, approximately 51 miles (Encyclopedia Americana, 2001, P 670). Within this area, the land is largely†¦show more content†¦With the indigenous people gone, and Spain being overthrown, all the imported African slaves revolted. Renegade slaves were called Maroons. The Maroons waged war against there new governing country for nearly 100 years until a peace treaty was signed in 1738 (Encyclopedia America na, 2001, P 671). This era in Jamaican history is arguably the worst of all times of turmoil in Jamaican history. By the early 18th century, with the peace treaty in place, Jamaica began to build vast amounts of sugar plantations. Sugar became the main export to England. Second, and not far behind, was slave trade. Jamaicas location in the heart of the Caribbean Sea made it an ideal port for harboring slaves until they were needed to sell. This enabled Jamaica to be one of the British crowns most lucrative assets (Encyclopedia Americana, 2001, P 673). Things changed with the British Parliaments abolishment of the slave trade in 1833. Freed slaves became independent farmers or employees of surviving sugar plantations. The government also changed from an elected British assembly to a governorÂâ€"controlled crown colony enacted in 1866 and run for 75 years. During this political change, sugar industry slowed and the emergence of the banana industry became Jamaicas main export (Encycl opedia Americana, 2001, P 673). Jamaica formed a two party system in its changes. The Peoples National Party (PNP) and Jamaican Labor Party (JLP) would alternate rule for theShow MoreRelatedHistory of Jamaican Music1268 Words   |  6 PagesCrystal Hislop Research Paper: Final Submission History of Jamaican Music Contemporary History Professor:   Sharon  Rodriguez 2/19/12 History of Jamaican Music The history of Jamaican music is inextricably intertwined with the history of the Jamaican people. Jamaica is the third largest island in the Caribbean, and was initially populated by the Arawak people. Christopher Columbus discovered the island on his second voyage to the Americas, and it was settled first by Spanish colonistsRead More The History of Jamaican Maroons Essay2381 Words   |  10 PagesThe History of Jamaican Maroons European colonialism in the Caribbean was dependent upon the use of African slaves as a major source of labor. Inevitably, some of these slaves escaped and formed isolated communities that allowed them to live outside the white-dominated plantation societies that were the norm of the time. These escaped slaves were given the name Maroon, possibly originating from the term marronage, or slave revolt. These Maroon communities existed in many different areas in theRead MoreJAMAICA history: The history of Jamaica is a rich and vibrant that inspire them to move forward as900 Words   |  4 Pages JAMAICA history: The history of Jamaica is a rich and vibrant that inspire them to move forward as a nation. The original inhabitants of Jamaica are believed to be the Arawaks , also called Tainos. Arawaks came from South America 2,500 years ago and named its island Xaymaca which meant â€Å"land of wood and water†. The Arawaks are simple people by nature. Arawaks were light brown in colour, short and well-shaped with coarse, black hair. Their facesRead More Food: A Link in African American Culture Essay1793 Words   |  8 Pagesyet very distinct backgrounds. They range from a black Jew, to a â€Å"Jamerican,† to what I would call a â€Å"traditional southerner†, right on down to a modern day Muslim. They all agreed to fill me in and reveal to others the details of their personal history and family backgrounds. Geography, family tradition, and religion all play factors in what they eat as it always has dating back to ancestral times. I began with â€Å"JJ Alex;† a 20 year old African American male from the east coast. He is a middleRead MoreThe Unique Lan guage of Jamaica887 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction It is often said that Jamaicans have a unique language. Some may say Jamaicans do not have a language of their own. Jamaicans official language however is Standard English. However there has been much confusion in the language we speak because we sometimes or often times speak in what is called Patois, Creole or even Ungrammatical English. This however is not considered a language. Patois is not a native language, it is a second language. Patois is a combination of English and AfricanRead MoreInterview : A Middle Aged, Black, Jamaican Woman1706 Words   |  7 Pages The person I had chosen to interview is a middle-aged, black, Jamaican woman; I will call Lorna. I had known Lorna for many years now. I had met her while I was working in the operating room as an OR nurse. Lorna came to us a couple of years later, hired for a position of the surgical technologist. From the moment I had met her, we had become close friends. I liked her. She was very skilled as a scrub tech, and when we were assigned to an operating room together, I had confidence that LornaRead MoreJamaic Out Of Many, One People1245 Words   |  5 PagesJamaica: Out of Many, One People History of the Culture One would think that an island would have a culture of its own with very little outside influence, however that is not the case with this island. Located in the Caribbean Sea, Jamaica is rich in culture from its European and African history. Jamaica was first populated by the Taino people, who were also called Arawaks, in AD 600. It was then found by Christopher Columbus in 1492, and shortly thereafter became a Spanish Territory. A decadeRead MoreColonialism, By Lois Tyson Essay1775 Words   |  8 Pagesto people of color, no matter where they are from. In order to book a motel room, Boy speaks to the motel keeper â€Å"in his most formal, Jesuit-educated manner† (Cliff 55). Because the motel keeper is skeptical of Boy’s ethnicity, here, Boy sheds his Jamaican accent and acquires a more appropriate accent of the dominant culture. His accent successfully convinces the motel keeper that, although he and his family are from Jamaica, they are white. This moment becomes a turning point for Boy as he realizesRead MoreQueen Nanny Of The Windward Maroons2579 Words   |  11 PagesQueen Nanny of the Windward Maroons, has been overlooked by historians, who limited their focus to only the male figures in Maroons History. Due to her being overlooked factual information is unclear and her history was handed down thorough folklore. However, amongst the Maroons themselves, Queen Nanny also known as Obeah Woman Nanny and Granny Nanny, is held in the highest honor. Back in the 17th to 18th century, Nanny was a leader of the Rebellious group of black people called Maroons (peopleRead More Jamaica’s Troubled Past Essay3198 Words   |  13 PagesSpanish rule, the second wave was during British control. The Maroons used the highlands of Jamaica to seek refuge, establish colonies and attack plantations when needed. Even today the beliefs and herbal practices of the Maroons are still evident in Jamaican culture. Their trouble past has made their life difficult but even today they are a presence in Jamaica. The First Deserters The idea of runaways did not take long in the Caribbean islands. Jamaica was not the only island experiencing runaways

Friday, December 20, 2019

Role of Peer Coaches Essay - 913 Words

What is peer coaching? Is it effective? Teachers have an essential role in students’ performance and achievement. The quality of teaching, teachers’ experience and knowledge, curriculum planning and instruction they all have effect on students’ achievement. Becker (2010) describes peer coaching as a method that improves teaching and learning. As we can see majority of the time our focus is on students and teaching methods and elements that enhance their achievement. Peer coaching is a new technique and practice that helps teachers to change their teaching practice to achieve better outcome. According to Wong and Nicotera (2003), peer coaching is a professional development strategy that can impact and improve teaching quality. Scott and†¦show more content†¦The first factor is schools environment and how much they are ready to make new changes within their educational environment and practice innovative strategies. The second factor is the level of parti cipation. If the level of teachers and staff participation goes higher we will definitely see more positive results. The third factor is money; the schools and districts have to provide enough money for programs like this while they are devoting their time into it as well. The forth factor is a collective language; staff and educator has to be able to communicate with each other in order to share their experiences and teaching practices. The fifth factor is coaching skills; it is important that teachers or staff who are practicing as a coach have had coaching trainings and skills. The sixth factor is partner; they have to select a partner that they are comfortable to work with. Building a trusting relationship is also important at this stage since the participants negotiate coaching procedures in detail. Providing feedback is the seventh factor; and participants have to be able to analyze the information that they exchange and their observations in order to provide helpful feedback to their peer. And finally the last but not least factor is leadership. Leadership is important in order for the coaching process to be effective, efficient, and successful. What are mentor teachers? Mentor teachers are teachers with high experience and skills who are selected to mentor newShow MoreRelatedThe Teacher Assistants Of Canadian International Collage, Ahram Canadian University, Modern And Science Academy Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pagesthis methods on the teacher assistants of Canadian international collage, ahram Canadian university , modern and science academy . Introduction Managers are increasingly expected to be able to competently perform each of the four learning roles - trainer, coach, mentor, and counselor - for their team as the need arises. Coaching is driven by a questions addressed to the coachee. .coaching become a popular title that is being used by a lot of professionals often with no training .coachingRead MoreSports As A Tool For Development Of Social Character Development1309 Words   |  6 PagesDirks, Stams, Biesta, Hoeksma, 2011). Participating in sports as adolescents may help with learning how to respect the community, peers, family, and themselves (Berlin, Dworkin, Eames, Menconi, Perkins, 2007). Sports may affect social character growth and development. The purpose of the paper was to understand how peer interaction, the influences of parents and coaches, and the cognitive choices of the adolescent impact character development. (Bowers, Green, Hemme, Chalip 2014; Hwand, Machida,Read MoreEating Disorders Has Affected The Li ves Of Many Athletes Around The World1546 Words   |  7 Pagesreports that â€Å"64 percent of member schools report at least one female athlete with a diagnosed eating disorder (Gaines, S.A., 2014).† Although this is true, there are males who have eating disorders as well. Athletes are sometimes pressured by their coaches to maintain a certain weight for a better performance or higher scores from judges which can lead to a disorder in their eating routine. Eating disorders can affect someone’s identity work. According to Guptill, â€Å"identity work is the activity throughRead MoreA Research Study About The Stereotype Threat Effect On African- American College Students833 Words   |  4 Pagespride and self-confidence (DeMeulenaere, 2010). This sample size is not really big and might probably consist of many confounding variables, but the interviews with the influential people around these studied individuals, such as the peers, family, teachers, and coaches, show many different and consistent perspectives. Besides, through sports many people can be reached and get attached to the school in a different way then with academics. Nowadays, students are less and less interested in learningRead MoreGuidelines, And Standards For Professional Development856 Words   |  4 Pageslearners (Vacca, Vacca, and Mraz, 2014, p.388). 8. How are the roles of literacy coaches, teachers, and principals changing today in support of professional development and the school learning community? Many literacy coaches are seen as mentors to teachers, model and observe in classrooms, work with study groups and teacher teams, lead a school wide literacy council, advise principals on the literacy program at school, work with literacy coaches at other schools, and work with parents and the communityRead MoreImportance of Sportsmanship Essay632 Words   |  3 Pagesforever taint a positive athletic career, and that is why it is vital that sportsmanship is emphasized from a very young age. One reason that sportsmanship is important is the fact that it promotes healthy relationships with your peers. Whether you are talking to coaches, teammates, officials, or even opposing players, it is important that you always speak in a positive, controlled tone. Once this quality is instilled in you, it will help you with communicating for the rest of your life. Your opinionsRead MoreCareer Development And Performance Of Succession Planning Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesCareer Development and Performance Succession planning selects and develops future company leaders, but it is also an important opportunity an organization can use to develop employees for non-management roles. Succession planning concentrates on high-potential employees that the organization considers promising for higher-level manager positions (Noe, 2016). Succession planning should be combined with talent reviews to help employees understand their current skills and abilities and the skillsRead MoreEssay on Figerouas Framework1149 Words   |  5 Pageslink together – individual, interpersonal, institutional, structural and cultural. The following paragraphs demonstrate the use of Figueroa Framework as a tool to analyse the barriers to my performance in beach volleyball and part of this involves a peer evaluation (Appendix A).Each of these levels interacts with equity issues in various ways. These numerous levels deal with social beliefs, values, social position, power, media coverage, resources and reward s (Kirk et al, 2004). Each of the five levelsRead MorePlaying Sports Throughout Your Childhood1491 Words   |  6 Pages Sports can teach you many things about life and education without you even noticing it. Every sport has an effect on your education by the way you interact with your teammates and coaches. The coaches are able to teach you new skills that will be useful in the future of your sport and life. Constantly being around all these people help you learn new things that you probably had no idea about. The research we found shows that playing sports throughout your childhood helps improve learning how toRead MoreSports And Athletic Development Of Young Athletes1685 Words   |  7 PagesIt is obvious that parents play an important role in their children’s lives, providing physical, emotional and financial support for children from a young age (Wuerth, Lee, Alfermann, 2004). That role extends to sport and physical activity. Sport not only allows children to become physically active but it also helps children advance socially and mentally. The relationships that children make from sport are often some of their longest lasting friendships and the strategic and competitive aspects

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Cloning4 Essay Example For Students

Cloning4 Essay Scientific experimentation has led us to many great discoveries such as: Chemotherapy, heart surgery, and bone marrow transplants. Recently scientists have discovered a new way to heal humans. This is known as cloning. Although they have yet to clone a human they have cloned sheep. Cloning has brought up a huge controversy among the American people. There are two sides to the story. Either you agree with cloning or you dont. The only way to help make that decision is to look at the good and bad points of cloning.There are many positive aspects of human and non-human cloning. Human cloning technology could be used to reverse the number one killer in the United States, heart attacks. Scientists believe that they may be able to treat heart attack victims by cloning their healthy heart cells and injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged. There has also been a breakthrough with human stem cells. Embryonic stem cells can be grown to produce organs or tissues to repair or replace damaged ones. Skin burn victims, brain cells for the brain damaged, spinal cord cells for quadriplegics and paraplegics, hearts, lungs, livers, and kidneys could be produced. By combining this technology with human cloning technology it may be possible to produce needed tissue for suffering people that will be free of rejection by their immune systems. Conditions such as Alzheimers disease Parkinsons disease, diabetes, heart failure, and other problems may be made curable by human cloning. (Cloning to Save Lives)Now there are also some ways that we are playing god through cloning. For example, infertile parents could easily have a baby cloned using their DNA and women that are at high risk for Downs syndrome can avoid that risk by cloning. Even though this sounds great we are basically changing reproduction, as we have always known it to be. There are also many negative aspects of cloning. To create different organs or limbs in order to help a person to live longer or more comfortably seems to go against nature. The way human life should be created is through sexual intercourse. Harmond Varmus, a schoolteacher, said it best; Human cloning represents a grave attack on the dignity of conception and on the right an unrepeatable, unpredetermined set of genes. To clone an animal is almost the same thing. We are playing with the way humans and animals have reproduced for years. Is it fair that we clone and then kill an animal just for its organs in order to save a persons life? Scientists are not even sure that the animals organs will be compatible with the human body. According to the Medical Research Modernization Committee (MRMC), studies have shown that biotech products could increase some forms of human cancer, limit the effectiveness of antibiodicts, and cause potentially fatal allergic reactions such as: human growth hormone, L-Tryptoplan, human insulin, and genetically altered foods). (Is Cloning the Way to Go?)Although science has come a long way in being able to prolong human life by drugs and surgeries I think it should stop there. With cloning we are going against nature and the outcome of that can not be a good one. I understand that cloning has its good aspects and there are more reasons why cloning should be legal than why it shouldnt but it is not right. Scientists are willing to clone people at what cost? I know that the book Frankenstein is a little different but look what happens in that book. The creation/monster turned on his creator and began killing people. How do we know that something like that will not happen? This is the kind of thing that happens when people start playing God, Human cloning would not result in identical souls because only God can create a soul James Geraghty said this when asked how he felt about cloning. .u21fec6d245a467d15aec8402526c7173 , .u21fec6d245a467d15aec8402526c7173 .postImageUrl , .u21fec6d245a467d15aec8402526c7173 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u21fec6d245a467d15aec8402526c7173 , .u21fec6d245a467d15aec8402526c7173:hover , .u21fec6d245a467d15aec8402526c7173:visited , .u21fec6d245a467d15aec8402526c7173:active { border:0!important; } .u21fec6d245a467d15aec8402526c7173 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u21fec6d245a467d15aec8402526c7173 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u21fec6d245a467d15aec8402526c7173:active , .u21fec6d245a467d15aec8402526c7173:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u21fec6d245a467d15aec8402526c7173 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u21fec6d245a467d15aec8402526c7173 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u21fec6d245a467d15aec8402526c7173 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u21fec6d245a467d15aec8402526c7173 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u21fec6d245a467d15aec8402526c7173:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u21fec6d245a467d15aec8402526c7173 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u21fec6d245a467d15aec8402526c7173 .u21fec6d245a467d15aec8402526c7173-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u21fec6d245a467d15aec8402526c7173:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay Modern Business Tools: Data Mining and Data Warehousing Essay (Playing God Through Cloning)Bibliography:

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Multi Layered Psychosocial Care Package †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Multi Layered Psychosocial Care Package. Answer: Introduction Different but related readings were selected and their nature and purposes explored. The authors and intended audience of all the readings were also identified. The analysis of the main themes was also don in relation to personal experiences and interests. Strengths and possible gaps of the literatures provided were also explored in relation to the issue at hand. Practice driven evaluation of a multi-layered psychosocial care package for children This is a research paper that portrays an evaluation of four conflict affected countries that are hit by a multi-layered psychosocial and mental health care delivery framework. This is achieved through various levels involving multiple filters to the arrival of the last stage(Sommers-Flanagan, J., Sommers-Flanagan, R., 2014). The different levels include; Level 1- the population that I affected by violence Level 2- children who go to school and are exposed to the consequential risk at hand Level 3- children with severe psychosocial problems being divided into sub groups Level 4- training paraprofessional to take care of the affected children by administering the desired treatment to them. Level 5- treating children with disorders This was a technique that was used to select the children with mental and psychosocial disorders and help them out(Alisic, E., Conroy, R., Magyar, J., Babl, F. E., O'Donnell, M. L., 2014). This is a project report. This is due to its nature and the fact that its a reportshowing the implementation of a given proposal that was insinuated to enhance the improvement of that particular situation ofchildren who were exposed to mental and psychosocial disorders due to violence in their countries. The author is the project manager who ensured the implementation of the project. The donor-in this case it is the PLAN Netherlands since they made funds available for the implementation of the project. The governments of the recipient four countries; where the project was implemented because they had to get a copy of the report afterthe implementation. Themes Utilization and evaluation of care package This care package encompasses of five different levels that were used to care for children with mental and psychosocial disorders in the four countries affected by conflicts. Selection and admittance to varying levels of care The concerned children who are put in sub groups are examined, and the hugely affected ones are put under the necessary therapy and given the best care until they get better(Hotham, S., Hamilton-West, K. E., Hutton, E., King, A., 2014). Treatment related criteria This includes the result of the treatment, perception of the treatment outcome and the treatment burden. Questionnaires and interviews are conducted for this purpose to come out with a desirable outcome(Okun, B., Kantrowitz, R., 2014). Strengths/gaps The main strength of this reading is that the authors have portrayed the kind of help and service that should be given to children with various disabilities and disorders. They discuss the types of initiatives that should be taken into consideration to ensure that the parties involved get all the care they need. Counseling psychology quarterly This is a case study in counseling psychology that tends to improve the informal and embedded ways counseling by the non-qualified practitioners like the nurses, teachers and the social workers. This is brought about by the ability of the service users to open up quickly to them. Research has proved that it is the most significant form of counseling that people receive and so critical resources should be executed so as to enhance the quality of counseling sessions by the practitioners in other fields like education, social work and other professions so as to contribute effectively in the health and well-being of the service providers(Chui, H., Ziemer, K. S., Palma, B., Hill, C. E. . , 2014). This is an article that has been published by counseling professionals with vast experience in counseling. It contains counseling skills and knowledge that is relevant to both the service providers and the service users(Hill, C. E., Kline, K., Bauman, V., Brent, T., Breslin, C., Calderon, M., ... Kuo, P. , 2015).The author of this article is John McLeod and Julia McLeod. John McLeod is a psychology professor who is the author of many books and articles in psychotherapy and counseling. Julia McLeod is a counseling lecturer and is co-author of counseling skills. The intended audience of this article is the psychology practitioners, trainers and researchers. The article provides important counseling skills that enhance the quality of counseling sessions and highlighting the challenges to be encountered by the service providers(Chan, F., Thomas, K. R. (Eds.). , 2015). Themes: Scope and extent of embedded counseling Survey research has shown that many people seek emotional support from the non-qualified counseling practitioners like the clergy, nurses and teachers hence they deal with a broad range of emotional problems like marriage problems, stress and inability to perform tasks. Practitioners perspectives on the experience of using counseling skills The practitioners are normally faced with a variety of challenges in the course of counseling since they deal with a wide range of difficult clients. Furthermore, some clients have difficulty in controlling their tempers and emotions. For this reason it is crucial to possess the counseling skills and the need to be empathetic. Issues associated with the challenge of responding to expression of emotions The practitioners find difficulty in responding to the emotional communication of the service users and do not know when exactly to distract. It requires the practitioner to provide a response that will be memorable to the service user and in as much as it will be of help(Greenberg, L. S. . , 2017). Qualities of helpful and unhelpful embedded counseling conversations Embedded counseling has been of great importance in portraying the difference between helpful and unhelpful counseling conversations. It is determined by the effectiveness of the counseling session and how useful the client finds the conversation meaningful and helpful in the long run (Wang, 2015). Strengths/gaps The reading portrays a major strength of the uses of numerous counseling skills provided by the non-qualified professionals like the teachers, nurses and members of the clergy. The study emphasizes that the public identifies more with the non-qualified staff as they can help them cope with social and emotional issues hence reducing stress. Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities This is a journal article that was generated as a result of a study involving staff members on working with people with intellectual disabilities before and after bereavement. This was arrived at due to the increased mortality rates and the ageing population. It was therefore realized that their reaction was not any special from those of others and that they did not only suffer the loss of death(Heller, T., Fisher, D., Marks, B., Hsieh, K. , , 2014). Consequently staff had positive attitude grieving with people who had intellectual disabilities just like other people. It was still acknowledged that they experienced different post death behavior as well. This is a journal article that focuses on supporting adults with intellectual disorders during experiences of loss and bereavement through suggestions from staff and training activities. The author of this journal is John McEvoy. The audience includes the adults with intellectual disability as it show them how to deal with bereavements. The staffs of given organizations so that they can be able to go through the training needs and implement them when dealing with people with intellectually disabilities are also an appropriate audience. Themes: Factors affecting post bereavement adjustment This encompasses the type of relationship if was so close or not, the type of disability involved and the post death involvement and the pre death involvement which affects the party involved so much if at all there was either of the two. Family This involves the role that the family has to play as a result of the loss like communicating to friends and other family members who may not be around, honoring the wishes of the dead if there was any and most importantly the ability to work hand in hand as a team and avoiding unnecessary conflicts that may arise(Beadle?Brown, J., Mansell, J., Ashman, B., Ockenden, J., Iles, R., Whelton, B., 2014). Role of staff in supporting the bereaved Put aside the personal and professional conflicts in time of death so as to help the bereaved overcome the situation with ease and less stress. Engage the individual so that he or she can understand what has happened and give the colleaguemore support. Strengths/gaps They have portrayed how the service users find it easy to confide in other practitioners due to their day to day interactions like a teacher and a student or a nurse and a patient other than seeking professional counseling(Barker, C., Pistrang, N. , 2015). Some gaps can also be identified in cases of non-professional counseling whereby the practitioner is not in real sense but advising. The practitioner finding themselves sympathizing other than empathizing with the service users hence may end up being carried away with emotions especially during communication hence reducing chances of professional support. Conclusion I agree with the authors of the above readings since they have done a significant work in the field of psychosocial counseling impacting positively on the service users at no cost and providing relevant information to the service users on how to deal with some special cases in that field. They have also given a basis of counseling skills and relevant trainings that are applicable in different mental disorders and psychosocial disabilities. Bibliography Alisic, E., Conroy, R., Magyar, J., Babl, F. E., ODonnell, M. L. . (2014). Psychosocial care for seriously injured children and their families: A qualitative study among Emergency Department nurses and physicians. . Injury,, 45(9), 1452-1458. Barker, C., Pistrang, N. . (2015). Research methods in clinical psychology: An introduction for students and practitioners. . Beadle?Brown, J., Mansell, J., Ashman, B., Ockenden, J., Iles, R., Whelton, B. (2014). . Practice leadership and active support in residential services for people with intellectual disabilities: an exploratory study. Journal of intellectual disability reserach, 58(9), 838-850. Chan, F., Thomas, K. R. (Eds.). . (2015). Counseling theories and techniques for rehabilitation and mental health professionals. .Springer Publishing Company. Chui, H., Ziemer, K. S., Palma, B., Hill, C. E. . . (2014). Peer relationships in counseling psychology training.,. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 27(2), 127-153. Greenberg, L. S. . . (2017). Emotion-focused therapy of depression. . Person-Centered Experiential Psychotherapies, , 1-12. Heller, T., Fisher, D., Marks, B., Hsieh, K. , . (2014). . Interventions to promote health: crossing networks of intellectual and developmental disabilities and aging. . Disability and health journal, 7(1), S24-S32. Hill, C. E., Kline, K., Bauman, V., Brent, T., Breslin, C., Calderon, M., ... Kuo, P. . (2015). Whats it all about? A qualitative study of meaning in life for counseling psychology doctoral students. Counselling Psychology Quarterly,, 28(1), 1-26. Hotham, S., Hamilton-West, K. E., Hutton, E., King, A. . (2014). An evaluation of a postural care training package: Improving self-efficacy in parents and teachers who care for a physically disabled child. Okun, B., Kantrowitz, R. . (2014). Effective helping: Interviewing and counseling techniques. . Nelson Education. Sommers-Flanagan, J., Sommers-Flanagan, R. . (2014). Tough kids, cool counseling: User-friendly approaches with challenging youth. . John Wiley Sons. Wang, K. T. (2015). Research design in counseling. . Nelson Education.